Sunday, February 16, 2020

Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Bibliography - Essay Example The approach is described in non-technical terms for risk communicators to help them serve the public in making informed decisions. The author follows the evolution of the research on risk communication over the years, the mistakes made and the lessons learnt. This essay provides a brief history of risk communication organized around certain developmental stages, with each stage characterized by a focal communication strategy. The essay, however, has not provided comprehensive illustrations or examples. Communication is like an insurance policy in that it is a fixed cost that can keep a larger damage at bay. Receiving relevant information on environment and health risks and on the safety of modern technologies is a very important need of modern man, but he seldom receives it. The authors, making use of case studies, give an overview of the critical role of risk management in dealing with public controversies and an insight into the risk communication practices and malpractices. The book leaves scope for the concerned authorities to devise ways to check the malpractices and inadequacies in risk communication. The failure of institutions in adequately communicating about risks result in inadequate management of risks leading to heavy financial loss. The study examines a very important and subtle aspect of risk communication, which is trust and credibility. ... Peters, R. G., Covello, V. T., McCallum, D. B. (1997). The determinants of trust and credibility in environmental risk communication: An empirical study. Risk Analysis 17(1). Retreived October 20, 2008, from http://www.centerforriskcommunication.org/pubs/crc-p2.pdf The study examines a very important and subtle aspect of risk communication, which is trust and credibility. An important hypothesis tested in this study regarding perceptions and determinants of trust and credibility is that they are dependent on three factors, namely perceptions of knowledge and expertise, perceptions of openness and honesty, and perceptions of concern and care. The responses to surveys are mostly in the predictable lines in that they mostly reflect general perceptions. A significant finding is that defying a negative stereotype leads to improved perceptions of trust and credibility. O'Connor, A.M., Legare, F., & Stacey, D. (2003). Risk communication in practice: the contribution of decision aids. BMJ 327(7417) 736-740. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7417.736. The authors examine the effectiveness of the communication of risks, benefits and options by clinicians in helping patients make an informed decision regarding their healthcare. Different decisions require different strategies for communication. Effective services are those in which benefits/harm ratio is large, and those in which the ratios are uncertain are preference sensitive services. The article does not explain how to equip the support service system to handle the diverse plans of diverse patients. The goal of decision-making is to choose options that are most beneficial and the least harmful. Decision support should take into account a patient's personal values, resources and determination. Croyle, R.T. & Lerman, C. (1999).

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Statistical Process Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistical Process Control - Research Paper Example Statistical scholars and researchers have established that statistical process control constitutes the testing of a random sample of any output from a procedure to establish whether the exercise produces variables within a range that is preselected. In week two, obstacles were identified during the morning preparation routine. The bottlenecks were found to be as a result of lack of technology and automation in the process. Specifically, a bottleneck was created at three main points, the time spent waiting on reports to generate, reviewing the reports and then auditing completed work. This is to say that the longer the amount of time spent in such duties, the shorter is the time allocated for the actual work on files. One of the open options to overcome this challenge is to allocate overtime hours every day so that the tasks can be undertaken with some time allowance to absorb the expected lag time. A more realistic and cost effective solution to the bottleneck would be to implement t echnology and automation to make the work more streamlined and eliminate the waiting period created in the current system. Some constraints’ theorists like Goldratt, argues that the best remedial measure against a problem dependent on problem solving skills. The techniques provide a layout of procedure that helps in identification of the constraints, eliminating them and seeking out other feasible alternatives (Persse, 2008). In other words, once the time taken to review data is shortened, then the next target is to reduce the time. of carrying out the morning routine duties. It is imperative that the significance of statistical tools in solving real life challenges like the one in question are taken into consideration (Mesbah, at al. 2002). Some of the measures of central tendency and dispersion that are vital in computing the tabulated data to establish a solution include mean and standard deviation. Data Summary for the two weeks in hours Week One Day Creating daily workloads (Minutes) Reviewing progress/completion (Min) Monday 38 37 Tuesday 38 30 Wednesday 41 34 Thursday 30 29 Friday 26 37 During the first week, the data was collected for five days covering from Monday to Friday. During the week, the data collected was based on the duration of time required to prepare the daily workloads as well as to audit the progress/completion of the daily workloads. Over the five days, the duration taken in preparing the workloads for each of the five days range from 26 minutes to a maximum of 41 minutes. This gives the range of 15 minutes as the spread of the workload creation time. On the other hand, during the same week, the manager had to spend some time reviewing the completion and the progress of the daily accounts.